The taps are tools used to cut internal threads in pre-drilled holes. They differ in purpose and method of use, the main types being manual and machine taps.

Hand taps:

•Usage: Designed for manual thread cutting using a threading tool.

•Sets: They are usually available in sets of two or three taps:

•First (rough) tap: For initial thread cutting.

•Second (middle) striker: For finishing the thread.

•Third (finish) scorer: For final smoothing and achieving the exact thread profile.

•Application: Suitable for small series or single parts, as well as for repair work.

Machine taps:

•Usage: Designed for working with machines such as lathes, milling machines or specialized thread cutting machines.

•Construction: They are usually single tools with a more robust construction, capable of withstanding the high speeds and loads of machining.

•Application: They are used in serial production where high accuracy and repeatability are required.

Main differences between hand and machine taps:

1. How to use:

•Hand taps are used with a drill and require physical strength and skill from the operator.

•Machine taps are used with machines, which provides higher productivity and accuracy.

2. Construction:

•Hand taps often have a set of several tools for gradually cutting the thread.

•Machine taps are usually single and are designed for greater durability at high speeds.

3. Application:

•Hand taps are suitable for small batches, repair work, or when a suitable machine is not available.

•Machine taps are ideal for mass production and provide high efficiency and consistency.

Specifics when choosing a tap:

•Material of manufacture: High-speed steel (HSS) is often used for its durability and wear resistance.

•Thread type: Taps differ in thread profile – metric, inch, pipe, etc.

•Cutting direction: There are taps for right-hand and left-hand threads.

•Channel shape: Straight or spiral flutes, with spiral flutes being suitable for blind holes as they effectively remove chips.

•Coverage: Some taps have special coatings to improve performance and extend their life.

When selecting the right tap, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the task, the workpiece material, and the equipment available. This will ensure quality thread cutting and long tool life.